《 水泵的維護(hù)與檢修技術(shù)知識(shí)》

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水泵的維護(hù)與檢修技術(shù)知識(shí)
目 錄
一. 概述....................................................................................................................................................7
1.泵維護(hù)的類型........................................................................................................................................7
1.1.事故后維護(hù).........................................................................................................................................7
1.2.定期預(yù)防性維護(hù).................................................................................................................................7
1.3.對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行監(jiān)控的預(yù)測(cè)性維護(hù)..........................................................................................................7
1.4.積極性維護(hù).........................................................................................................................................8
2.泵的故障及排除故障的基本原則........................................................................................................8
3.結(jié)論........................................................................................................................................................8
二. 水泵振動(dòng)原因分析..............................................................................................................................9
1.水泵振動(dòng)原因........................................................................................................................................9
1.1.電氣方面.............................................................................................................................................9
1.2.機(jī)械方面.............................................................................................................................................9
1.3.水力方面.............................................................................................................................................9
1.4.水工及其它方面.................................................................................................................................9
2.消除水泵振動(dòng)危害的技術(shù)措施...........................................................................................................10
2.1.電動(dòng)機(jī)振動(dòng)常見(jiàn)原因及消除措施.....................................................................................................10
2.2.水泵振動(dòng)常見(jiàn)原因及消除措施........................................................................................................10
2.3.其它原因引起的機(jī)組振動(dòng)及消除措施.............................................................................................11
三. 水泵故障診斷及消除措施................................................................................................................11
1.無(wú)液體提供，供給液體不足或壓力不足............................................................................................11
2.泵運(yùn)行一會(huì)兒便停機(jī)...........................................................................................................................12
3.泵功率消耗太大..................................................................................................................................12
4.泵的填料函泄漏太大..........................................................................................................................13
5.軸承溫度太高......................................................................................................................................13
6.填料函過(guò)熱..........................................................................................................................................13
7.轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)部件轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)困難或有磨擦...............................................................................................................14
8.泵運(yùn)行時(shí)存在異常振動(dòng)及聲音...........................................................................................................14
四. 水泵機(jī)組各部件檢修的技術(shù)要求....................................................................................................14
1.主軸部分..............................................................................................................................................14
1.1.泵軸跳動(dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)...................................................................................................................................14
1.2.泵軸的校直方法................................................................................................................................15
1.2.1.冷直法.............................................................................................................................................15
1.2.2.局部加熱法.....................................................................................................................................15
1.2.3.內(nèi)應(yīng)力松弛法.................................................................................................................................16
1.2.4.機(jī)械加熱直軸法..............................................................................................................................16
2.轉(zhuǎn)子部分...............................................................................................................................................16
2.1.軸套：................................................................................................................................................16
2.2.平衡盤................................................................................................................................................17
2.3.葉輪....................................................................................................................................................17
2.4.葉輪口環(huán)的檢修工藝.........................................................................................................................17
3.軸承部分...............................................................................................................................................18
3.1.滑動(dòng)軸承............................................................................................................................................18
3.2.滾動(dòng)軸承............................................................................................................................................18
4.密封裝置...............................................................................................................................................19
4.1.壓蓋....................................................................................................................................................19
4.2.填料環(huán)................................................................................................................................................20
5.聯(lián)軸器...................................................................................................................................................20
五. 泵機(jī)組解體檢修報(bào)告的內(nèi)容............................................................................................................21
1.水泵機(jī)組解體的報(bào)告部分...................................................................................................................21
2.水泵機(jī)組總裝的報(bào)告部分....................................................................................................................21
六. 機(jī)械密封的檢修工藝........................................................................................................................22
1.機(jī)械密封的清掃與檢查........................................................................................................................22
2.機(jī)械密封組裝技術(shù)尺寸校核................................................................................................................22
3.動(dòng)環(huán)和靜環(huán)端面的研磨........................................................................................................................23
4.軸套檢查...............................................................................................................................................23
5.密封圈...................................................................................................................................................23
6.彈簧.......................................................................................................................................................23
七. 機(jī)械密封的拆裝...............................................................................................................................24
1.拆卸時(shí)注意事項(xiàng)...................................................................................................................................24
2.安裝時(shí)注意事項(xiàng)...................................................................................................................................24
八. 機(jī)械密封失效問(wèn)題............................................................................................................................25
1.泄漏點(diǎn)種類..........................................................................................................................................25
2.泄漏原因分析及判斷...........................................................................................................................25
3.影響泵用機(jī)械密封外部條件...............................................................................................................27
4.機(jī)械密封泄漏常見(jiàn)的原因及處理措施................................................................................................31
九. 高溫重質(zhì)油泵用機(jī)械密封的選用....................................................................................................33
1.高溫重質(zhì)油泵的介質(zhì)特點(diǎn)：...............................................................................................................33
2.高溫重油介質(zhì)泵用機(jī)械密封目前使用情況........................................................................................33
3.高溫重油介質(zhì)泵用機(jī)械密封選用參考注意事項(xiàng)................................................................................33
4.液態(tài)烴泵用機(jī)械密封的選用...............................................................................................................34
十. 機(jī)械密封在熱水工況中的應(yīng)用........................................................................................................34
1．概述...................................................................................................................................................34
2.熱水工況用傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械密封方案.......................................................................................................35
3.兩種適用于熱水工況的密封方式.......................................................................................................35
3.1.潤(rùn)滑槽”(LUBE GROOVE)密封........................................................................................................35
3.2.“液體緩沖墊”（HYDROPAD）密封...............................................................................................36
4.熱水工況用機(jī)械密封型式比較...........................................................................................................37
十一. 閥門的動(dòng)、靜密封形式....................................................................................................................37
1.動(dòng)密封..................................................................................................................................................37
1.1.填料函形式:......................................................................................................................................37
1.2.填料...................................................................................................................................................38
1.3.波紋管密封.......................................................................................................................................38
2.靜密封..................................................................................................................................................39
2.1.墊圈材料...........................................................................................................................................39
2.2.常用墊圈性能...................................................................................................................................39
2.3.新材料和新技術(shù)...............................................................................................................................40
十二. 泵和閥門用盤根的安裝與調(diào)節(jié)........................................................................................................41
1.需要的工具..........................................................................................................................................41
2.清潔和檢查..........................................................................................................................................41
3.測(cè)量與記錄..........................................................................................................................................41
4.選擇盤根..............................................................................................................................................42
5.盤根環(huán)的準(zhǔn)備......................................................................................................................................42
6.安裝盤根...............................................................................................................................................42
7.調(diào)整盤根...............................................................................................................................................42
7.1.泵用盤根............................................................................................................................................42
7.2.閥門用盤根........................................................................................................................................42
8.再次緊固和替換...................................................................................................................................43
十三. 填料（盤根）拆裝............................................................................................................................43
1.概述.......................................................................................................................................................43
2.填料密封裝置的拆卸............................................................................................................................43
3.填料的裝配...........................................................................................................................................43
4.填料密封的故障及排除方法................................................................................................................44
十四. 密封墊片的安裝...............................................................................................................................44
1.概述.......................................................................................................................................................44
2.安裝前的檢查工作...............................................................................................................................44
3.安裝.......................................................................................................................................................45
十五. 骨架油封的常見(jiàn)故障原因及排除方法............................................................................................46
1.概述.......................................................................................................................................................46
2.常見(jiàn)故障原因及排除方法....................................................................................................................46
十六. 磁力油封及其安裝技術(shù)要求............................................................................................................48
1.磁力油封的結(jié)構(gòu)型式............................................................................................................................48
2.磁力油封的使用條件............................................................................................................................49
3.設(shè)備精度要求.......................................................................................................................................49
4.磁力油封的安裝步驟............................................................................................................................49
十七. 各種連接方式泄漏消除方法............................................................................................................49
1.除螺紋接（堵）頭泄漏方法................................................................................................................49
1.1.注入密封劑的操作方法.....................................................................................................................50
1.1.1 0°操作法....................................................................................................................................50
1.1.2 .中間操作法....................................................................................................................................51
2.消除閥門填料函泄漏的方法................................................................................................................51
2.1.原理：................................................................................................................................................51
2.2.方法....................................................................................................................................................51
2.2.1. G型卡具+鉆孔...............................................................................................................................51
2.2.2.攻絲鉆孔+注射閥...........................................................................................................................52
2.2.3.夾具+注射閥..................................................................................................................................52
3.消除管道與設(shè)備連接泄漏方法...........................................................................................................52
3.1.概述...................................................................................................................................................52
3.2.安裝夾具...........................................................................................................................................52
3.3.按“0°操作法”注入密封及消除泄漏。.......................................................................................53
4.消除法蘭墊片泄漏的方法...................................................................................................................53
4.1.普通夾具堵漏法...............................................................................................................................53
4.2.凹凸面法蘭、榫槽面法蘭的特殊堵漏方法.....................................................................................53
4.3.局部堵漏法（用于壓力不高的大直徑法蘭）.................................................................................53
4.4.法蘭付全密封方法............................................................................................................................54
4.5.焊（鑲嵌）軟鉛法蘭夾具................................................................................................................54
4.6.填料充填法蘭夾具............................................................................................................................54
4.7.頂壓注射法消除泄漏........................................................................................................................55
5.消除管道泄漏方法...............................................................................................................................55
5.1.夾具堵漏法.......................................................................................................................................55
5.2.管夾堵漏方法...................................................................................................................................55
5.3.密封膠帶纏繞法...............................................................................................................................55
5.4.局部堵漏...........................................................................................................................................56
5.5.用頂壓注射法消除泄漏....................................................................................................................56
6.管壁減薄嚴(yán)重的管道帶壓堵漏...........................................................................................................56
6.1.用環(huán)槽夾具堵漏...............................................................................................................................56
6.2.遮蓋和加固的堵漏方法....................................................................................................................56
6.3.夾具加現(xiàn)場(chǎng)部分焊接的堵漏方法.....................................................................................................57
十八. 滾動(dòng)軸承的簡(jiǎn)易診斷........................................................................................................................57
1.聽(tīng)診法..................................................................................................................................................57
2.磁塞法..................................................................................................................................................58
3.測(cè)量法..................................................................................................................................................58
十九. 軸承的潤(rùn)滑與保養(yǎng)............................................................................................................................59
1.潤(rùn)滑的目的..........................................................................................................................................59
2.潤(rùn)滑方法及優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)...............................................................................................................................59
3.潤(rùn)滑脂潤(rùn)滑...........................................................................................................................................59
3.1.軸承潤(rùn)滑脂的維護(hù)保養(yǎng).....................................................................................................................59
3.2.選擇軸承潤(rùn)滑脂的技巧.....................................................................................................................60
4.潤(rùn)滑油潤(rùn)滑...........................................................................................................................................61
4.1.油浴法................................................................................................................................................61
4.2.滴注供油法........................................................................................................................................61
4.3.飛濺式供油法....................................................................................................................................61
4.4.循環(huán)供油法........................................................................................................................................61
4.5.噴射供油法........................................................................................................................................61
4.6.噴霧供油法........................................................................................................................................62
4.7.油氣供油法........................................................................................................................................62
4.8.潤(rùn)滑油的更換周期.............................................................................................................................62
4.9.油潤(rùn)滑油的維護(hù)與保養(yǎng).....................................................................................................................62

一. 概述
泵，作為一種通用機(jī)械，在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的各個(gè)部門中應(yīng)用十分廣泛。農(nóng)業(yè)方面的排澇、灌溉，冶金工業(yè)中各種冶煉爐液體的輸送，石油工業(yè)中的輸油、注水，化學(xué)工業(yè)中高溫、腐蝕液體的排送，電力工業(yè)中鍋爐水、冷凝水、循環(huán)水的輸送等都離不開泵..。隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，對(duì)泵的安全可靠運(yùn)行提出了越來(lái)越高的要求。在電力工業(yè)中，如果鍋爐給水泵由于某種原因發(fā)生故障而中斷給水，則汽包在一二分鐘內(nèi)就可“干鍋”，從而引發(fā)重大設(shè)備事故；在冶金工業(yè)中，如果輸送沖天爐冷卻水的泵因故障而停止送水，幾分鐘內(nèi)，沖天爐就可能因高溫而熔化；在抗洪搶險(xiǎn)中，如果排澇泵因故障停止工作，就可能威脅到人民的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)..。可見(jiàn)，泵的安全運(yùn)行與整個(gè)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展密切相關(guān)，泵的維護(hù)和檢修至關(guān)重要。
1.泵維護(hù)的類型
1.1.事故后維護(hù)
􀁺 這種維護(hù)方法允許機(jī)械工作到有明顯故障發(fā)生，采取的措施是將損壞的設(shè)備或元件拆下來(lái)進(jìn)行修理或更新。這樣

。。。。。。。。。。。。

水泵的維護(hù)與檢修技術(shù)知識(shí)-油氣儲(chǔ)運(yùn)網(wǎng)搜集.pdf (1.02 MB, 下載次數(shù): 10, 售價(jià): 5 金幣)

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